Establishment of induced pluripotent stem cell model of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome mutated in TREX1 / 中华预防医学杂志

To establish and identify induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) with TREX1 gene 667G>A mutation, and obtain a specific induced pluripotent stem cell model for Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS-iPSCs). A 3-year-old male child with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome was admitted to Zhongshan People's Hospital in December 2020. After obtaining the informed consent of the patient's family members, 5 ml peripheral blood samples from the patient were collected, and mononuclear cells were isolated. Then,the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were transduced with OCT3/4, SOX2, c-Myc and Klf4 by using Sendai virus, and PBMCs were reprogrammed into iPSCs. The pluripotency and differentiation ability of the cells were identified by cellular morphological analysis, real-time PCR, alkaline phosphatase staining (AP), immunofluorescence, teratoma formation experiments in mice. The results showed that the induced pluripotent stem cell line of Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome was successfully constructed and showed typical embryonic stem-like morphology after stable passage, RT-PCR showed mRNA expression of stem cell markers, AP staining was positive, OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, SSEA4, TRA-1-81 and TRA-1-60 pluripotency marker proteins were strongly expressed. In vivo teratoma formation experiments showed that iPSCs differentiate into the ectoderm (neural tube like tissue), mesoderm (vascular wall tissue) and endoderm (glandular tissue). Karyotype analysis also confirmed that iPSCs still maintained the original karyotype (46, XY). In conclusion, induced pluripotent stem cell line for Aicardi-Goutières syndrome was successfully established using Sendai virus, which provided an important model platform for studying the pathogenesis of the disease and for drug screening.

Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity: a clinicopathological analysis / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To study the clinical pathological characteristics, immunophenotype, molecular changes and prognosis of the papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP). Methods: Nine cases of PRNRP, diagnosed from 2013 to 2019, were retrieved from the Department of Pathology of Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine. Histomorphology, immunophenotype and molecular genetics were analyzed with review of the literatures. Results: There were five male and four female patients, aged from 49 to 70 years, with an average age of 60.1 years. During a mean follow-up of 29 months, one patient died for other cause, and the others survived without disease. Microscopically, the tumor cells arranged in papillary structure with a fibrovascular core, the surface of which was covered with a single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells. The most prominent feature was that the tumor nuclei located at the top of the cytoplasm far from the basement membrane, and they were monotonous in size and arranged neatly with no or few nucleoli. Immunohistochemically, all nine cases of PRNRP showed diffuse positive expression of CK7 and E-cadherin, various degrees of P504s expression, and no expression of CD10 and CD117, with a Ki-67 index of 1%-3%. Unlike other papillary renal cell carcinoma, the nine cases of PRNRP all showed characteristic positive expression of GATA3. The fluorescence in situ hybridization assay showed that the majority of PRNRPs (8/9) did not have triploids on chromosomes 7 and 17. The sequencing of the KRAS gene confirmed the presence of a nonsense KRAS mutation in 8 of the 9 cases. Conclusions: PRNRP is a subtype of papillary renal cell carcinoma with characteristic morphological, immunophenotypic and molecular features, and indolent behaviors. More data are needed to define PRNRP as "carcinoma", and a definitive diagnosis of PRNRP is of great significance for proper treatment choice and accurate prognostication.

Comparison of three kinds of free flaps used in patients with oral and oropharyngeal tumors / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To compare the recovery and quality of life of patients with oral and oropharyngeal tumors treated with three kinds of free soft tissue flaps. Methods: The clinical data of 103 patients, including 66 males and 37 females, aged 26-74 years, who underwent primary repair of defects after resection of oral and oropharyngeal tumors in Sichuan Tumor Hospital from July 2014 to August 2020 were analyzed. Anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) was used in 43 patients, radial forearm free flap (RFFF) in 45 patients, and lateral arm free flap (LAFF) in 15 patients. Postoperative qualities of life of patients were evaluated by the university of Washington quality of life questionnaire and oral health impact scale (HIP-14 Chinese edition). SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The T staging of RFFF or LAFF group was significantly lower than that of ALTF group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in mean flap areas between ALTF group ((55.87±27.38) cm2) and LAFF group ((49.93±19.44) cm2), while RFFF group had smaller mean flap area ((33.18±6.05) cm2) than ALTF group (t=5.311, P<0.001) and LAFF group (t=3.284, P=0.005). In terms of oral functions including swallowing, mastication, taste and spitmouth, there were no significant differences between LAFF group and RFFF group (P>0.05), but both groups had better oral functions than ALTF group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in appearance scores between LAFF group (75(75, 75)) and ALTF group (75(75,75) vs.75(75,75),Z=-1.532, P=0.126), and both groups had higher scores than RFFF group (50(50, 75),Z values were -3.447 and -3.005 respectively, P<0.05). RFFF group had higher speech score (100(67, 100)) than LAFF group (67(50, 76),Z=-2.480, P<0.05) and ALTF group (67(33, 67),Z=-5.414, P<0.05). ALTF group had lower mean score of quality of life than RFFF group [72(56,77) vs.79(69, 89),Z=-3.070, P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference in the mean scores of qualities of life between ALTF group and LAFF group (Z=1.754, P=0.079). According to the evaluation of oral health impact scale (HIP-14 Chinese version) 1 year after surgery, individual item scores and the average score of all items in ALTF group were lower than those in RFFF and LAFF groups (P<0.05), with no significant difference between RFFF group and LAFF group (P>0.05). Conclusions: RFFF has unique advantages for small tissue defects, while ALTF is suitable for large tissue defects, such as buccal penetrating defect, whole tongue and near whole tongue defect, and LAFF is a compromise choice between ALTF and RFFF. ALTF is inferior to RFFF and LAFF in oral functional reconstruction, including swallowing, chewing, taste and spittle. ALTF and LAFF are superior to RFFF in postoperative appearance.

Expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in giant cell tumors of bone and its diagnostic value / 中华病理学杂志

To investigate the expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB), and its value in the diagnosis of GCTB. Immunohistochemical (IHC) EnVision method was used to detect the expression of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody and p63 in 83 GCTBs, 18 aneurysmal bone cysts, 23 chondroblastomas and 28 osteosarcomas diagnosed at Nanjing Jinling Hospital from June 2001 to April 2019. Among the 83 cases of GCTB, 69 cases (69/83, 83.1%) expressed H3.3 G34W. H3.3 G34W expression was found exclusively in the mononuclear cell population with strong and diffuse nuclear staining. H3.3 G34W was expressed in 55 of 57 (96.5%) cases of GCTB in long bones, but only 14 of 26 (53.8%) cases of non-long bone GCTB. All recurrent (9/9)/metastatic GCTB (2/2), post-denosumab GCTB (3/3), primary malignant GCTB (3/3) and secondary malignant GCTB (5/5) also expressed H3.3 G34W. H3.3 G34W was negative in all aneurysmal bone cysts and chondroblastomas. H3.3 G34W was positive in 3 of 28(10.7%) cases of osteosarcomas, and giant cell-rich osteosarcoma(GCRO) was the only histological subtype of osteosarcoma that expressed H3.3 G34W. p63 was expressed in 71.1%(59/83) of GCTB, while the positive rates of p63 in aneurysmal bone cysts,chondroblastomas and osteosarcomas were 3/18, 43.5% (10/23) and 21.4% (6/28) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody in the diagnosis of GCTB were 83.1% and 95.7%. H3.3 G34W mutant-specific antibody is a highly sensitive and specific marker for GCTB and helpful for the diagnosis of GCTB and its variants. The limitation of this antibody is that as a mall number of GCTB harbor G34 mutation other than G34W, and thus that cannot be detected. The incidental expression of H3.3 G34W mutant protein in osteosarcoma could be a potential diagnostic dilemma, and the results of H3.3 G34W IHC staining needs careful interpretation.

Clinical study on the correlation of peripheral blood circulating tumor cells and theirchemokine receptor CCR9 with non-small cell lung cancer / 医学研究生学报

Objective Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have potential value in the clinical application of various tumors. This study was to investigate the role of CTCs and their chemokine receptor CCR9 in the invasion and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods From May 2018 to June 2019, a total of 62 patients with NSCLC in the clinical oncology center of The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were enrolled in this study. The CanpatrolTM CTC technique was used to detected the expressions of CTCs and CCR9 in CTCs in peripheral blood of patients. Furthermore, the relationships between expression levels of CTCs, CCR9 and clinical, pathological characteristics of NSCLC patients were analyzed. Results CTCs were detected in 56 of 62 (90.3%) NSCLC patients. CTCs counts were associated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis of NSCLC (P<0.05). In the analysis of clinical correlation between CTC subtypes and NSCLC, epithelial CTCs counts were related to TNM stage and distant metastasis of NSCLC (r=0.296 and r=0.273, P<0.05). Additionally, counts of mixed type CTCs were also correlative with NSCLC tumor metastasis (r =0.253, P =0.047). Finally, we found that the positive rate of CCR9 in mixed type CTCs was associated with distant metastasis of NSCLC (r=0.353, P=0.038). Conclusion CTCs counts and subtypes were correlated with TNM stage and metastasis of NSCLC. The expression level of CCR9 on CTC was expected to be a biomarker to evaluate the risk of tumor metastasis in NSCLC.

Factors affecting recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness following brain trauma: a logistic regression analysis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the factors that affect the recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness following brain trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed the data of 114 patients with disorders of consciousness following brain trauma admitted for rehabilitation. Bilateral logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors that affected the recovery of the patients' consciousness. A logistic regression model was established and the ROC curve was drawn to obtain the optimal threshold of the prognostic model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Univariate analysis showed that vegetative state duration (P<0.001), CRS-R scores (P<0.001), hydrocephalus (P=0.037), hypertonia (P=0.034), central fever (P=0.035), paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) (P=0.004), and epilepsy seizures were correlated with the recovery of consciousness. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that central fever (OR=3.493, P=0.044), vegetative state duration (OR=1.016, P=0.008), PSH (OR=4.223, P=0.034) and CRS-R scores (OR=0.640, P=0.002) all significantly affected the recovery of consciousness. The χvalue of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 10.214 (P=0.250), and the goodness of fit of this model indicated an outstanding fitting (c=0.91).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The presence of PSH is the one of the most important factor followed by centric fever to affect the outcome of patients with disorders of consciousness. A lower CRS-R score and a longer duration of vegetative state also predict a poor recovery of consciousness in these patients.</p>

Influence of overexpression of SOCS2 on cells of DN rat

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence and mechanism of overexpression of SOCS2 on diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and cells.@*METHODS@#STZ was used to induce male SD rats and SOCS2 was injected into left renal vein. Rats were divided into DN group, DN-Ad-null group and DN-Ad-SOCS2 group. Glucose with high and normal concentration was used to culture HBZY-1 cells and then transfect Ad-SOCS2. HG group, HG-Ad-null group, HG-Ad-SOCS2 group, CG group, CG-Ad-null group, and CG-Ad-SOCS2 group were created. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6) in kidney tissue of rats, fibrosis related protein (FN, Collagen IV and TGF-β) in kidney tissue and cells of rats, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway related proteins (p-JAK2 and p-STAT3) were tested by western blot. ELISA was used to test the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in cells.@*RESULTS@#The expression of inflammatory cytokines in DN rats (MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6) and cell (TNF-α and IL-6) were increased (P < 0.01) significantly. However, SOCS2 could decrease the overexpression of mediated inflammatory cytokines in DN animal models and cell models (P < 0.01). The expression of fibrosis related protein in DN rats and cells increased while SOCS2 decreased the overexpression of mediated fibrosis related protein in DN model rats and cells (P < 0.01). The expression of JAK/STAT pathway related protein in both DN rats and cells increased and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was activated. Yet, SOCS2 obviously suppressed the expression of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as well as the related proteins (p-JAK2 and p-STAT3) in both DN rats and cells.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The overexpression of SOCS2 can decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis related proteins in DN rats and cells, and meanwhile suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway mediated by DN.

Influence of overexpression of SOCS2 on cells of DN rat

Objective: To explore the influence and mechanism of overexpression of SOCS2 on diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and cells. Methods: STZ was used to induce male SD rats and SOCS2 was injected into left renal vein. Rats were divided into DN group, DN-Ad-null group and DN-Ad-SOCS2 group. Glucose with high and normal concentration was used to culture HBZY-1 cells and then transfect Ad-SOCS2. HG group, HG-Ad-null group, HG-Ad-SOCS2 group, CG group, CG-Ad-null group, and CG-Ad-SOCS2 group were created. The expression of inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6) in kidney tissue of rats, fibrosis related protein (FN, Collagen IV and TGF-β) in kidney tissue and cells of rats, and JAK/STAT signaling pathway related proteins (p-JAK2 and p-STAT3) were tested by western blot. ELISA was used to test the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in cells. Results: The expression of inflammatory cytokines in DN rats (MCP-1, TNF-α and IL-6) and cell (TNF-α and IL-6) were increased (P < 0.01) significantly. However, SOCS2 could decrease the overexpression of mediated inflammatory cytokines in DN animal models and cell models (P < 0.01). The expression of fibrosis related protein in DN rats and cells increased while SOCS2 decreased the overexpression of mediated fibrosis related protein in DN model rats and cells (P < 0.01). The expression of JAK/STAT pathway related protein in both DN rats and cells increased and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway was activated. Yet, SOCS2 obviously suppressed the expression of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway as well as the related proteins (p-JAK2 and p-STAT3) in both DN rats and cells. Conclusions: The overexpression of SOCS2 can decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis related proteins in DN rats and cells, and meanwhile suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signaling pathway mediated by DN.

Improvement of survival quality of the patients with hemodialysis treated with moxibustion for regulating spleen and stomach functions: multi-central randomized controlled study / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the impacts of moxibustion for regulating spleen and stomach function on the survival quality of the patients of end stage renal disease (ESRD) with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and nine cases of uremia with MHD from 3 hemodialysis centers were randomized into an observation group (58 cases) and a control group (51 cases). The regular hemodialysis and conventional medication were used in the two groups. In the observation group, on the basis of the common treatment, moxibustion was applied to Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6), 2-3 times a day, the treatment of 4 weeks made one session. Totally, 3 sessions were required and the follow-up lasted for 3 months. KDQOL-SF (kidney disease quality of life short form,KDQOL-SFTM 1. 3) was adopted for the questionnaire investigation on survival quality before treatment, after treatment and at the end of follow-up separately in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the survival quality scores in terms of physical functioning (83.62+/-13.27 vs 79.32+/- 22. 17), general health (58. 88+/- 20.24 vs 48.82+/-20.89) and vitality (77.07+/-15.56 vs 70. 59+/-22.61) in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (all P<0. 05). In comparison before and after treatment in the same group, the survival quality scores in terms of physical functioning, general health, vitality and symptoms/problems were all improved in the observation group (all P<0. 05). At the end of follow-up, the survival quality scores in terms of physical functioning, general health, mental health, social functioning, vitality, effects of kidney disease and cognitive function were higher in the observation group as compared with those in the control group (all P<0. 05). In comparison of the results at the end of follow-up with those before treatment, the survival quality scores in terms of vitality, symptoms/problems and cognitive function in the observation group were improved (all P< 0. 05). The differences were not significant in all of the 19 fields of survival quality evaluation before and after treatment, and after follow-up in the control group (all P>0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Moxibustion for regulating spleen and stomach function improves the survival quality of the patients with hemodialysis in terms of physical functioning, general health and vitality, which benefits the psychological condition of the patients, resulting in the improvements of the survival quality in the fields of mental health, social functioning, effects of kidney disease and cognitive function.</p>

Clinical observation on Weichang An Pills in treatment of pediatric simple digestive function disorder / 中草药

Objective: To observe the clinical curative effect of Weichang An Pills in the treatment of pediatric simple digestive function disorder. Methods: Children (150 cases) with simple digestive function disorder in the Department of Pediatrics in Maternal and Child Care Center of Tangshan City from June 2013 to December 2013 were selected and were randomly divided into treatment (100 cases) and control (50 cases) groups. In the control group, children were po given medilac-vita mixed with warm water under 40°C or milk by the following way: Children under the age of 2 years old, 1 bag once, 1-2 times daily; over 2 years old children, 1-2 bags once, 1-2 times daily, 1-2 weeks for a course. In the treatment group, Weichang An Pills were given, the specific usage was as follows: Within 1 year old children, 1 pill once, 2 times daily; 1-3 years old children, 1 pill once, 3 times daily; 4-7 years old children, 2 pills once, 3 times daily; 8-15 years old children, 3 pills once, 3 times daily, 1-4 weeks for a course. Results: In the treatment group, the cure rate and total effective rate were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The effect of Weichang An Pills on the simple digestive function disorder of children in clinic is better, thus they are worth of a wide clinical application.

Effects of maternal position in the second stage of labor on delivery outcomes / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effects of the non-supine position and the supine position during the second stage of labor on delivery outcomes.Methods In total,642 singleton term primiparas in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between January 2013 and March 2014 were divided into the non-supine position group (n=320),which included the lateral (n=204) and hands-and-knees position (n=116),and the supine position group (n=322) according to primipara's choice.Delivery outcomes in the two groups were compared using the Student's t test,Mann-Whitney rank sum test and the x2 test.Results The incidence of caesarean section was similar in the non-supine position and supine position groups [0.9％(3/320) vs 1.9％ (6/322),x2=0.438,P=0.508].Compared with the supine position group,women in the non-supine position group had a higher incidence of perineal lacerations grede Ⅰ [85.2％ (270/317) vs 65.2％ (206/316),x2=33.884],longer duration of the second stage of labor [48.0 min (31.0-78.0 min) vs 41.0 min (25.0 67.3 min),Z=-3.066] and greater blood loss after 2 hours of labor [240.0 ml (200.0-287.5 ml) vs 210.0 ml (160.0-260.0 ml),Z=-3.736],but a significant reduction in posterolateral episiotomies [5.3％(17/317) vs 23.4％ (74/316),x2=41.908],perinealedema [13.6％ (43/317) vs 21.2％ (67/316),x2=6.430] and meconiumstained liquor [20.8％ (66/317) vs 33.2％ (105/316),x2=12.356] (all P＜0.05).In the non supine position group,fetal heart rate showed fewer early decelerations,variable decelerations and late decelerations than in the supine position group [10.1％ (32/317) vs 17.1％ (54/316),x2=6.593; 2.8％ (9/317) vs 6.6％ (21/316),x2=5.079; 3.2％ (10/317) vs 7.6％ (24/316),x2 6.139; all P＜0.05,respectively].Conclusions The non supine position during the second stage of labor may improve delivery outcomes.

Comparison of recurrence and complication by different thyroidectomy in the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma as initial treatment: a meta-analysis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the total thyroidectomy or subtotal resection and gland lobe and isthmus lobectomy as initial treatment to TNM stage I and II differentiated thyroid cancer. The difference between recurrence rate and surgical complications were analysed.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The literatures published between 1972-2012 were searched in Pubmed, Medline, Wanfang database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese scientific Journals database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. According to the inclusion and deletion criteria, 17 articles were included to compare the postoperative recurrence and complications in randomized controlled or case-control studies, involving 13 articles in recurrence rate and 11 articles in complications.RevMan5.0 software package was used to perform meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen articles involved with the recurrence rate, the total case number was 3511. Among these cases, 414 recurred, overall recurrence rate was 11.59%, of which, 150 recurred cases in total or subtotal resection group (experimental group), the recurrence rate was 6.51%; 264 recurred cases in gland lobe lobectomy plus isthmus group (control group), the recurrence rate was 21.83%. Comparing the two groups, the odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.26 [0.21,0.33], Z value was 11.33, P < 0.01, which showed that the recurrence rate in experimental group was significantly lower than that in control group.Eleven articles involved with the complications, the total case number was 2388, 166 cases had postoperative complications. The complication rate was 6.95%, of which, 109 cases in experimental group, the complication rate was 8.52%; 57 cases in control group, the complication rate was 5.15%. Compared with the two groups, OR values and their 95%CI was 3.63 [2.47, 5.33], Z was 6.58, P < 0.01, the experimental group had significantly higher incidence of complications.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For I and II differentiated thyroid cancer, total thyroidectomy or subtotal resection may reduce the chance of recurrence, but the postoperative complications is higher; while gland lobe and isthmus lobectomy has lower postoperative complications, but may increase the risk of relapse.</p>

Relationship between the level of waist circumference and the impaired fasting glucose of pre-diabetes / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the level of waist circumference (WC) and the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in people working for the Kailuan Enterprise.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 101 510 subjects from the employees of Kailuan Group who took part in the health examination between 2006 to 2007, with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) < 6.1 mmol/L, no history of diabetes, completed data on FPG and WC examination and without using hypoglycemic agents, were selected as the observation cohort. Subjects who did not participate in the health examination from 2010 to 2011 and had incomplete data were finally excluded, ended up with 52 099 subjects available for final analysis. According to the baseline WC measurements and its quartile in the health examinations during 2006 to 2007, people under observation were divided into four groups (first, second, third and the forth quartile groups). Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to test the relation between the increasing of WC and IFG.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The incidence rate of IFG in the obese group was higher than that in non-obese group (10.5% vs. 6.8% , P < 0.01), along with an increasing WC noticed in the 4 quartile groups and the incidence rates of IFG were progressively increased, being 6.0%, 7.1%, 8.6% and 11.0% respectively in the total population(7.0%, 7.9%, 9.1% and 11.4% in males, 2.5%, 4.6%, 6.8% and 9.8% in females). (2)Results from the multiple logistic regression analysis showed that, when compared with the first quartile group, the second, third and fourth quartile groups had increased risks of IFG after adjustment on age, gender and other risk factors in the total population, with the OR values being 1.03, 1.15 and 1.30 respectively. After adjusting the above factors in genders, we also noticed the increased risks of IFG, with the OR value being 1.45, 1.66 and 2.08 in males, while 1.00, 1.09 and 1.23 in females, respectively. The influence of the second and third quartile groups on IFG was not significant in females, however.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of IFG showed an increasing trend with the increase of WC.</p>

Randomized controlled trail on moxibustion for maintenance hemodialysis patients in deficiency syndrome / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effective therapy for maintenance hemodialysis patients in dificiency syndrome in end-stage renal disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-seven cases were divided into an observation group (51 cases) and a control group (46 cases) randomly, and routine western medicine was used in both of them. On this base, moxibustion was used in Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in paper-tube-moxibustion equipment in the observation group. Evaluate the therapeutic effect on symptoms by comparing the symptom scores in two groups before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the symptom scores in the observation group were improved after treatment, and the differences were significant (all P < 0.05). Among all symptoms, the most improved ones included lassitude and fatigue, short breath and aversion to talk, poor appetite, soreness and softness of waist and knees, aversion to cold, cold extremities and so on. In the aspect of therapeutic effect on symptoms, the total effective rate in observation group (64.7%, 33/51) was higher than that in control group (23.9%, 11/46), and the difference was significant (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Moxibustion can improve the clinical symptoms of maintenance hemodialysis patients in end-stage renal disease, and can generate some therapeutic effect to the dificiency syndrome of this disease.</p>

The effects of radiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of cervical squamous carcinoma / 肿瘤

Objective: To clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the response of locally advanced cervical squamous carcinoma to radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods: Forty-nine patients were divided in to two groups. The 25 patients in radiotherapy (RT) group were given radiotherapy alone. The 24 patients in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) group were given 3 cycles of chemotherapy (DDP + 5-FU) in addition with RT. The specimens of the cervical tumors were obtained by biopsy before and during the treatment (10 Gy irradiation for RT group and 10 Gy irradiation plus one cycle of DDP + 5-FU chemotherapy for CCRT group). The cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). The apoptosis and PCNA expression in both groups were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemical methods. Results: Apoptosis index (AI) and the positive rate of apoptosis were significantly increased after initiating RT and CCRT, respectively (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). There were also marked reduction of PCNA after 1 week of RT and CCRT (P = 0. 000 and P = 0.000). The CCRT significantly increased the apoptosis rate and decreased PCNA expression than RT (P = 0.03 and P = 0.005). Most cervical cancer cells were arrested in G2/M phase during RT treatment. However, CCRT induced S and G2/M phase arrest in a majority of cervical carcinoma cells. Conclusions: The additive or synergistic effects between chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be the mechanism for the effect of CCRT on locally advanced cervical squamous carcinoma CCRT induces apoptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing S and G2/M phase arrest, and synchronizing cell cycle.

Metabolism of mitomycin C by human liver microsomes in vitro / 药学学报

To provide the profiles of metabolism of mitomycin C (MMC) by human liver microsomes in vitro, MMC was incubated with human liver microsomes, then the supernatant component was isolated and detected by HPLC. Types of metabolic enzymes were estimated by the effect of NADPH or dicumarol (DIC) on metabolism of MMC. Standard, reaction, background control (microsomes was inactivated), negative control (no NADPH), and inhibitor group (adding DIC) were assigned, the results were analyzed by Graphpad Prism 4. 0 software. Reaction group compared with background control and negative control groups, 3 NADPH-dependent absorption peaks were additionally isolated by HPLC after MMC were incubated with human liver microsomes. Their retention times were 10. 0, 14. 0, 14. 8 min ( named as Ml, M2, M3) , respectively. Their formation was kept as Sigmoidal dose-response and their Km were 0. 52 (95% CI, 0. 40 - 0.67) mmol x L(-1), 0. 81 (95% CI, 0. 59 - 1. 10) mmol x L(-1), 0. 54 (95% CI, 0. 41 -0. 71) mmol x L(-1) , respectively. The data indicated that the three absorption peaks isolated by HPLC were metabolites of MMC. DIC can inhibit formation of M2, it' s dose-effect fitted to Sigmoidal curve and it' s IC50 was 59. 68 (95% CI, 40. 66 - 87. 61) micromol x L(-1) , which indicated DT-diaphorase could take part in the formation of M2. MMC can be metabolized by human liver microsomes in vitro, and at least three metabolites of MMC could be isolated by HPLC in the experiment, further study showed DT-diaphorase participated in the formation of M2.

Effect of constitutive androstane receptor on the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C and 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylindole-4,7-dione / 药学学报

This study is to evaluate the cytotoxicity of mitomycin C (MMC) and its analogue 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylindole-4,7-dione (629) as well as the effect of transfection of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) on their biological effects. HepG2 cells were transfected with the plasmids mCAR1/pCR3 mediated by liposome. Vector pCR3 was used as control. Transfected cells were screened by G418 resistance and limiting dilution. The expressions of plasmid mCAR1/pCR3 and CYP2B6 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR; Cytotoxicities of MMC and 629 in vitro were evaluated in g2car cells and HepG2 cells by MTT method under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. mRNA expression of CAR and CYP2B6 can not be detected in HepG2 cells and HepG2/pCR3 cells but can in g2car cells. It is shown that plasmid mCAR1/pCR3 was transfected into g2car cells successfully and target CYP2B6 was transactivated by CAR. To compare with aerobic and anaerobic, the cytotoxicities of MMC and 629 to HepG2 cells and g2car cells had significantly enhanced (P < 0.05), and transfect CAR gene can improve the cytotoxicity of MMC (P < 0.05), but not 629 (P > 0.05). Furthermore, CYP2B6 is one master enzyme for the metabolism of MMC and not 629. Transfection of CAR can increase expression of CYP2B6 mRNA in HepG2 cells, and can affect cytotoxicities of MMC and 629.

Effect of neostigmine on atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockage in patients pretreated with magnesium sulphate / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the effect of neostigmine on antagonizing atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockage with sulfate magnesium pretreatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients who undertook elective gynecologic laparoscopic examinations and treatments under general anesthesia were randomized into four groups (group A, B, C, and D, group A paired with group C, and group B paired with group D). Before induction of general anesthesia, patients in group A and group C received MgSO4 30 mg/kg in saline intravenously within 5 min, while patients in group B and group D received the same volume of saline. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol; subsequently tracheal intubation was performed with 0.5 mg/kg atracurium after stabilization of the electromyography recording, and neostigmine (0.02 mg/kg) and atropine (0.01 mg/kg) were infused in group C and group D when neuromuscular recovery (T1/T(C)) reached 10%. T1/T(C) changes after neostigmine infusion as well as haemodynamic changes and other responses during induction and neostigmine and atropine infusion were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The neuromuscular recovery speed had no significant difference between group A and group B after the neuromuscular recovery reached 10%, but it was lower in group C than in group D (P < 0.05). Significant difference existed between group AC and group BD (P < 0.05). No haemodynamic changes and other responses were found during induction and neostigmine and atropine infusion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Neostigmine-induced neuromuscular recovery can be attenuated in patients pretreated with magnesium sulfate.</p>

Effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with mitomycin C on activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in rat liver / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the effect of in vitro and in vivo treatment with mitomycin C (MMC) on activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C1 , and CYP1A2 in the liver of male rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using HPLC to determine the activities of the three isoenzymes in rat liver microsomes by detecting the specific metabolites of their substrates after treatment with inducers in vivo or inhibitors in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In vitro, MMC inhibited the activity of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in dexamethasone-induced microsomes by (19 +/- 6)% (P < 0.05), (85 +/- 10)% (P < 0.01), and (36 +/- 6)% (P < 0.05), respectively, and decreased the activity of CYP1A2 in beta-naphthoflavone-induced microsomes by (58 +/- 6)% (P < 0.01). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 20% of the LD50 of MMC for 3 or 6 d. The treatment showed no significant effect on microsomal activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11 or CYP1A2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MMC can inhibit the activities of CYP2D1/2, CYP2C11, and CYP1A2 in rat liver microsomes in vitro, but it showed no significant effect on the activities of the three isoenzymes in vivo.</p>

A case-control study on the risk factors of central nervous system congenital malformations / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the risk factors in the development of central nervous system (CNS) congenital malformations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A hospital-based 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted. Each case was matched with two normal controls on sex and residential area, date of birth, within half a year. By means of simple and multivariable conditional logistic regression, 48 factors were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Maternal exposure to pesticide or having cold with fever, family history of positive congenital malformations, preference eating pickled vegetables, negative life events, large consumption of meat, eggs, beans and milk during pregnancy and paternal exposure to poisonous chemicals were significantly associated with CNS congenital malformations, with odds ratios 16.471, 12.621, 10.246, 7.274, 3.730, 0.229, 5.616, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Maternal exposure to pesticides, cold with fever, positive congenital malformations family history, preference of eating pickled vegetables, negative life events during pregnancy, and paternal exposure to poisonous chemicals were the key risk factors contributing to CNS congenital malformations, while maternal exposure to big consumption of meat, eggs, beans and milk during pregnancy was protective factors that reducing CNS congenital malformations.</p>